3D printing of the house is not a rare thing. Not long ago, in a factory in Tongzhou, Beijing, the world's first 3D printed villa sensationalized the entire real estate industry.
It is reported that this completed villa is 400 square meters, the wall thickness is 250cm, the height is two floors, each floor is 3 meters high, the foundation and wall are 20 tons of steel, the concrete C30 is marked, 380 cubic meters, and the whole process is controlled by computer program. It has been tested to achieve a seismic level of more than eight.
3D technology printing houses all use mechanical automation operations, without the need for labor resources, saving labor costs.
3D printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing technology, is a rapid prototyping technology that has emerged in recent years. Also known as one of the most disruptive technologies of the 21st century. 3D printing uses computer modeling technology to build target materials through layer-by-layer stacking, which has the advantages of rapidization, precision, and personalization.
As early as February 2013, the Softkill Design architectural design studio in London, UK, first proposed the concept of 3D printed housing and successfully built the first architectural model.
In Eindhoven, the Netherlands, the Eindhoven University of Technology announced that it will work with contractor VanWijnen, real estate manager Vesteda, materials company Saint Gobain-Weber Beamix and engineering company Witteveen+Bos, which will be in Ein since 2019. Huowen City has continuously built a habitable 3D printed concrete house, which is the world's first 3D printing house that can be officially used for living. There are 5 sets.
According to the state and forming method of materials used in 3D printing, 3D printing technology can be divided into fused deposition forming, photocuring solid forming, layered solid manufacturing, electron beam selective melting, laser selective melting, metal laser fused deposition, electron beam fuse deposition. Forming.
Fused deposition forming (FDM)
The fused deposition forming technology (FDM) technology uses filamentous PLA, ABS and other thermoplastic materials as raw materials, and is heated and extruded by a processing head, and stacked layer by layer under the control of a computer to finally obtain a formed three-dimensional part. This technology is currently the most common 3D printing technology, with high technology maturity, low cost, and color printing.
Photocuring stereolithography (SLA)
The photocuring stereoscopic forming technology (SLA) is a technique in which a liquid photopolymer (such as an acrylic resin or an epoxy resin) is scanned layer by layer by an ultraviolet laser to realize solidification of a liquid material and gradually form and form. This technology can produce parts with complex structures, high precision of parts and high utilization of materials. The disadvantage is that the types of materials that can be used for forming are small and the process cost is high.
Layered Entity Manufacturing (LDM)
The layered solid manufacturing technology (LDM) uses sheet materials as raw materials, such as paper, metal foil, plastic film, etc., and applies hot melt adhesive on the surface of the material, and then cuts and pastes according to the shape of each layer to realize the three-dimensional forming of the parts. This technology is faster and can form large-sized parts, but the material is wasted and the surface quality is poor.
Electron beam selective melting (EBM)
Electron beam selective melting forming technology (EBM) uses electron beam as a heat source in a vacuum environment, and metal powder as a forming material. By continuously spreading metal powder on a powder bed and then scanning and melting by electron beam, a small molten pool is made to each other. Melt and solidify, thus continuously forming a complete metal part entity. This technique can form metal parts with complex structures and excellent performance, but the forming size is limited by the powder bed and the vacuum chamber.
Laser Selective Melting (SLM)
The principle of laser selective melting forming technology (SLM) is similar to the electron beam selective melting forming technology. It is also a powder bed based powder forming technology, except that the heat source is replaced by an electron beam into a laser beam, which can also be formed by this technique. Metal parts with complex structure, excellent performance and good surface quality, but this technology cannot form large-sized parts.
Metal laser fused deposition (LDMD)
The metal laser fused deposition forming technology (LDMD) uses a laser beam as a heat source, and the metal powder is synchronously and accurately fed into the molten pool formed on the forming surface by an automatic powder feeding device. As the laser spot moves, the powder is continuously fed into the bath and melted and solidified, ultimately resulting in the desired shape. This forming process can form large-sized metal parts, but it cannot form parts with very complicated structures.
Electron beam fuse deposition (EBF)
Electron beam fuse deposition forming technology, also known as electron beam freeform manufacturing (EBF), is a vacuum source in which an electron beam is used as a heat source and a wire is used as a forming material. The wire is fed into the molten pool by a wire feeding device. Move according to the set path until the target part or blank is manufactured. This method is highly efficient, and the internal quality of the formed parts is good, but the forming precision and surface quality are poor, and it is not suitable for materials with poor plasticity, because it cannot be processed into wires.
According to QYResearch's "2017 Global 3D Printing Technology Market Development Status and Future Trends" data, the global 3D printing market size was 2.02 billion US dollars in 2012, 3.98 billion US dollars in 2013, and is expected to exceed 5 billion US dollars in 2017. The United States is the largest market, accounting for 37.5%, followed by Europe, accounting for 25.1%, Japan accounting for about 9.9%, and Germany accounting for 9.5%. In addition, China's share is about 7.8%. It is expected that the global market will continue to grow at a rate of around 25% in the future.
3D printing problems in the actual application process
3D printing problems in mold production applications
3D printing effectively reduces the process flow in mold production, and can directly generate parts of any shape from computer graphics data, greatly shortening the product development cycle. However, in terms of efficiency, accuracy, stability, and item size, this technology needs to be compared with traditional machining methods. In addition, for the mold manufacturing industry, the degree of consumables price is an object that must be considered. The main performance is:
1. The size of parts for 3D printing dies is limited.
2. The mechanical properties of 3D printing mold products are difficult to guarantee.
3. The dimensional accuracy and surface roughness of 3D printing technology can not fully meet the design requirements of precision mold production, which is also a key issue in limiting the production of 3D printing technology in mold production.
Disadvantages of 3D printing in material applications
The metal powder used in current domestic 3D printing mainly relies on imports. And industrial 3D printers are very expensive and consumables are also very expensive. There are currently fewer types of 3D printed materials for consumer use, mainly for POA plastics and ABS, but such materials present a risk of harmful gas emissions. In addition, 3D printing technology can not achieve the selection of materials according to the requirements of the parts when printing parts, which increases the manufacturing cost.
(1) 3D printing automation control system needs to be improved
(2) 3D printing technology lacks uniform manufacturing standards
(3) 3D printing affects the rights of patentees
(4) The lack of integrated development planning in the 3D printing industry chain
3D printing technology in the future
Quick fix
3D printing can be used to repair valuable parts, extend the life of critical components, and reduce equipment maintenance costs. Direct printing of scarce or damaged parts For on-site repair of large, fixed equipment. Such as titanium alloy blades that are vulnerable and costly in the aerospace industry.
Rapid manufacturing
3D printing applications address customer dependencies on spare parts. Reduce customer inventory and spare parts capital. In traditional manufacturing, products often need to be equipped with a certain number of spare parts. As the product is updated, the number of spare parts is constantly increasing, which greatly increases the cost of the product.
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